Making his debut on C-SPAN's Presidential Leadership survey, former President Donald Trump ranks fourth from the bottom among America's 44 former commanders in chief.
The survey ranks the former presidents based on 10 characteristics of leadership, including public persuasion, crisis leadership, economic management, moral authority, international relations, administrative skills, relations with Congress, vision and setting an agenda, pursuing equal justice for all and performance within the context of the times.
Trump's highest ranking was in public persuasion, placing 32nd, and economic management, placing 34th. He landed in last place for both moral authority and administrative skills.
For the fourth consecutive survey, Abraham Lincoln took the top spot. Placing first in all but public persuasion (second palace), international relations (third place) and his lowest-ranking category – relations with Congress (fourth place).
Former President Franklin D. Roosevelt landed in the top spot for public persuasion for the fourth survey in a row. FDR also holds first place for international relations, a ranking he has retained from 2017. He finished third overall.
For relations with Congress, George Washington took the lead for the first time in this year's survey. The mark is a bump from second place in 2017's survey. Former President Lyndon B. Johnson previously held first place.
READ: [The 10 Worst U.S. Presidents]
The president who has had the largest gains is Ulysses S. Grant, who jumped 13 spots from 33rd in 2000 to 20th this year.
Former President George W. Bush has enjoyed a steady incline, now ranked at 29th from 33rd in 2017 and 36th in 2009. Former President Bill Clinton was also on the rise, placing 21st in 2000 and holding steady at 15th in 2009 and 2017. However, he slipped into 19th place in this year's survey.
Also experiencing declines from 2017 to this year: former Presidents James K. Polk, George H.W. Bush, Andrew Jackson, Gerald R. Ford and Richard Nixon, among others.
